CHANCERIESTHE DIPLOMATIC ATLAS

ABC Diplomats Mediate the Veracruz Crisis at Niagara Falls

1914

At three o’clock on 20 May 1914, diplomats assembled in the Clifton Hotel at Niagara Falls, Ontario. American forces had occupied Veracruz a month earlier, and the United States and Mexico faced the possibility of a wider war. Argentina, Brazil, and Chile had offered to mediate. [2] [3]

Argentine minister Rómulo S. Naón joined representatives of the other two mediating states, the United States, and Victoriano Huerta’s government. Arranging an American withdrawal was only part of their task: Washington refused to recognize Huerta, and the Mexican revolution continued while the delegates discussed how to form a new provisional government. [2]

By June, the delegates were still working through the composition and recognition of a government to replace Huerta, while his Mexican opponents continued their struggle against him. Huerta fell in July. The American occupation ended in November. [2] [3]

At the opening session, Joseph Lamar formally reserved the American position on recognition before signing the minutes. The mediators planned private discussions with each delegation, punctuated by plenary meetings, while their secretaries maintained the record. [2]

Related Diplomats

  1. Henry Percival Dodge [2] [1]
  2. Rómulo Sebastián Naón [4] [5] [6]
  3. Domício da Gama [7] [8]

Sources

  1. ABC mediators to Rafael Zubáran, 2 June 1914

    Document 789, dispatch 16, file 812.00/12240

  2. Protocols of the Niagara Falls mediation — FRUS

    Protocols 1–3: May 20, May 23, and June 12

    Document 806, dispatch 25; Protocol No. 1, 20 May 1914, and Protocol No. 2, 23 May 1914

  3. Wilson and the invasion of Veracruz — Library of Congress

    Tampico, invasion of Veracruz, and The Aftermath

  4. The Special Commissioners to the Secretary of State, with mediation correspondence

    31 May 1914; enclosures dated 29 April–3 May

  5. The Special Commissioners to the Secretary of State

    22 June 1914

  6. Congressional Gold Medal Recipients

    Entry for da Gama, Naón and Suárez, 4 March 1915

  7. Domício da Gama: Biografia

    Biographical page

  8. The Mediators to General Carranza, 15 June 1914

    FRUS 1914, document 792, pp. 534–535

Related Reading

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ABC Diplomats Mediate the Veracruz Crisis at Niagara Falls. Chanceries Diplopedia. Record 816e8c0818e9593af066. https://chanceries.org/research/history/argentina-mediation-2c06a57351/

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