Tsunejirō Miyaoka

Tsunejirō Miyaoka trained in law at Tokyo Imperial University, graduating in 1887. He entered diplomacy and served as secretary of the Washington legation, including an acting appointment recorded in 1894. ^{1, 2}

During the Sino-Japanese War, Miyaoka publicly explained Japan’s position on the powers of neutral consuls. In September 1894 he said that American protection of Japanese nationals in China did not give American consuls jurisdiction over them. His comments concerned two Japanese men suspected of espionage at Shanghai and reflected Japan’s own claim to jurisdiction over Chinese subjects within its territory. ³

Miyaoka later practiced as a lawyer and joined the Tokyo Rotary Club during its first months in 1920. He also wrote for international readers: the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace published his study of Japanese nationality law and foreigners’ rights in land in 1925. He died in 1943. ^{4, 5, 1}