{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["china-9dd6384ba4e0e7"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/yang-yu-03fcc047c1/","countrySlug":"china","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/yang-yu-03fcc047c1/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Yang Yu, also recorded as Yang Ru or Yang Ju, confronted the consequences of Chinese exclusion soon after taking charge in Washington. In September 1893 he sent Secretary of State Walter Q. Gresham reports of arrests and threatened deportations in California under the Geary Act. He asked for presidential attention, stressing the danger to Chinese residents and conveying information from the Chinese consulate and Los Angeles merchants.","In March 1894, Yang and Gresham signed an emigration convention that continued the exclusion of Chinese laborers for ten years. It permitted certain registered laborers with family, property, or debts in the United States to return after travel and preserved entry rights for specified groups such as officials, students, and merchants. The agreement also addressed the protection of Chinese persons and property.","Yang subsequently moved to Europe. In late 1896 he was assigned to Russia, Austria, and the Netherlands when Xu Jingcheng's multiple responsibilities were divided. In July 1898, Yang and Xu signed the supplementary railway contract associated with the Russian lease of Port Arthur and Dairen."],"id":"china:yang yu","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-03fcc047c11b2ea0a426.html","name":"Yang Yu","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["frus-yang-geary"],["frus-yang-convention"],["eccp-yang-russia"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-03fcc047c11b2ea0a426.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"5bf50c442c07fc82","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1893-09-07","id":"frus-yang-geary","locator":"FRUS 1893, document 274","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"The Chinese Minister to the Secretary of State","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1893/d274"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1894-08-25","id":"frus-yang-convention","locator":"Enclosed convention signed March 17, 1894","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"Mr. Gresham to Mr. Denby","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1894/d183"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1943","id":"eccp-yang-russia","locator":"Passages on the 1896 division of posts and July 6, 1898 railway contract","publisher":"Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, Tu Lien-chê","title":"Hsü Ching-ch'êng","type":"reference","url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Hs%C3%BC_Ching-ch%27%C3%AAng"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"2026-10-26","id":"mission-c3b3f6b01fc75ebfe9b0","locator":"Appointment and credentials chronology; its modern page heading does not identify the government represented by every historical entry.","publisher":"","title":"U.S. Department of State: Chinese diplomatic representation","type":"Mission record","url":"https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/91588.htm"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-b06ffb94cf085525eff5","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Yang Yu — mission record (1893–1897)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1893/papers"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"2026-10-26","id":"mission-af6c3c0d644e179b4b0c","locator":"Later Qing representatives: rectangular yellow-dragon flag, conventionally dated 1889–1912. Wikimedia Commons artwork by Sodacan; public domain.","publisher":"","title":"Qing yellow-dragon flag, rectangular form","type":"Mission record","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg"}],"topics":["Chinese exclusion","immigration treaties","Chinese Eastern Railway"]},"schemaVersion":1}