{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["china-29e56deb944c7c"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/tsui-kwo-yin-2e920cf72d/","countrySlug":"china","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/tsui-kwo-yin-2e920cf72d/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Tsui Kwo Yin, or Cui Guoyin, came from Taiping in Anhui and obtained the jinshi degree in 1871. He succeeded Zhang Yinhuan as minister to the United States in 1889. His Washington service placed him between a Qing government seeking protection for its subjects overseas and American authorities enforcing increasingly restrictive immigration laws.","In August 1893, Tsui appealed to Secretary of State Walter Q. Gresham after receiving reports from the Chinese consul in San Francisco. Chinese laborers had been driven from Fresno and Tulare, while merchants in San Francisco had been threatened with closure of their businesses. Tsui asked the federal government to protect Chinese people and property and warned that the disturbances might spread."],"id":"china:tsui kwo yin","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-2e920cf72d3752b94215.html","name":"Tsui Kwo Yin","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["eccp-tsui"],["frus-tsui-protection"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-2e920cf72d3752b94215.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"b8d2d9bc1df8c9fd","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1943","id":"eccp-tsui","locator":"Passage identifying Chang's successor","publisher":"Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, Fang Chao-ying","title":"Chang Yin-huan","type":"reference","url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Chang_Yin-huan"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1893-08-18","id":"frus-tsui-protection","locator":"FRUS 1893, document 270","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"The Chinese Minister to the Secretary of State","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1893/d270"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-d86949f6024fb121e864","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Tsui Kwo Yin — mission record (1889–1893)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1889/d108"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-0ac9e9bb20533190c77d","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Tsui Kwo Yin — mission record (1889–1893)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1893/d268"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"2026-10-26","id":"mission-c3b3f6b01fc75ebfe9b0","locator":"Appointment and credentials chronology; its modern page heading does not identify the government represented by every historical entry.","publisher":"","title":"U.S. Department of State: Chinese diplomatic representation","type":"Mission record","url":"https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/91588.htm"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"2026-10-26","id":"mission-af6c3c0d644e179b4b0c","locator":"Later Qing representatives: rectangular yellow-dragon flag, conventionally dated 1889–1912. Wikimedia Commons artwork by Sodacan; public domain.","publisher":"","title":"Qing yellow-dragon flag, rectangular form","type":"Mission record","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg"}],"topics":["Chinese exclusion","consular protection","anti-Chinese violence"]},"schemaVersion":1}