{"record":{"aliases":["George Rowland Stanley Baring","Rowley Cromer","Third Earl of Cromer"],"appointmentIds":["united-kingdom-994ace5719fa8c"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/the-earl-of-cromer-506bcf6780/","countrySlug":"united-kingdom","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/the-earl-of-cromer-506bcf6780/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["George Rowland Stanley Baring, third Earl of Cromer, moved between banking and public service. Born in 1918 and educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, he joined Baring Brothers as a clerk before the Second World War. He served with the Grenadier Guards and reached lieutenant-colonel. After the war he became a managing director of the family bank.","From 1959 to 1961 Cromer served in Washington as economic minister, head of the Treasury and Supply Delegation, and Britain’s executive director at the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and International Finance Corporation. He then governed the Bank of England until 1966 before returning to Barings. His 1968 Per Jacobsson lecture commentary defended international capital movements and warned that central bank cooperation could not indefinitely finance a country’s persistent deficit. He also criticised the damage to confidence caused by sterling’s devaluation.","Cromer returned to Washington as ambassador in 1971. A declassified record of his June 1973 conversation with Henry Kissinger shows him conveying London’s questions about improving Britain’s nuclear deterrent. When Kissinger referred to warheads, Cromer distinguished the weapons Britain already possessed from the delivery technology it was seeking. The discussion concerned the possible terms and political obstacles to American assistance.","The same meeting ranged across proposed Atlantic consultations, the sale of Rolls-Royce Spey engines to China, Soviet diplomacy, and Cambodia. Cromer undertook to relay Kissinger’s replies to Cabinet Secretary Burke Trend and seek London’s response on export restrictions."],"id":"united-kingdom:the earl of cromer","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-506bcf6780d1747bc55b.html","name":"The Earl of Cromer","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["src-85b29ed10a09c099","src-c702e777fb2de468"],["src-c702e777fb2de468"],["src-357a8efbeec37636","src-bbcea7fed1fff923"],["src-bbcea7fed1fff923"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-506bcf6780d1747bc55b.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"4c3b66d569f68c03","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":null,"id":"src-85b29ed10a09c099","locator":"George Rowland Stanley Baring’s wartime service","publisher":"The Baring Archive","title":"From the Archives: Victory in Europe—80 years on","type":"institutional-history","url":"https://baringarchive.org.uk/fromthearchives-victory-in-europe-80-years-on/"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1968-05-16","id":"src-c702e777fb2de468","locator":"Printed pp.24–25 and biographical note p.38","publisher":"Per Jacobsson Foundation","title":"Central Banking and Economic Integration: commentary by the Earl of Cromer","type":"primary-record","url":"https://www.perjacobsson.org/lectures/1968.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1971-03-18","id":"src-357a8efbeec37636","locator":"Issue45324 p.2389; appointment effective4February1971","publisher":"The London Gazette","title":"Ambassadorial appointments: Earl of Cromer","type":"primary-record","url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45324/page/2389/data.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1973-06-30","id":"src-bbcea7fed1fff923","locator":"San Clemente meeting; Poseidon, Spey engine and allied consultations","publisher":"US National Archives, reproduced by National Security Archive","title":"Memorandum of conversation: Kissinger and Lord Cromer","type":"primary-record","url":"https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/media/23804/ocr"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"1971-12-21","id":"mission-4438ad85f4b853e9b5fb","locator":"Joined Edward Heath and Richard Nixon at the December 1971 Bermuda summit, including talks on the India–Pakistan crisis.","publisher":"","title":"FRUS: Bermuda summit discussion","type":"Mission record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v11/d331"}],"topics":["Central banking","International Monetary Fund","Nuclear deterrence","Anglo-American defence cooperation","China trade","Atlantic relations"]},"schemaVersion":1}