{"record":{"affiliations":[{"polityId":"polity-3fcc9adb88012825729f2b2c","role":"U.S. minister to China","sourceIds":["a-burlingame-house"],"validTime":{"attestations":[],"continuity":"interval","end":{"precision":"year","value":"1867"},"endInclusive":true,"start":{"precision":"year","value":"1861"}}},{"polityId":"polity-752125d979e200bf190546c6","role":"Qing envoy to the treaty powers","sourceIds":["a-burlingame-house","a-burlingame-acceptance"],"validTime":{"attestations":[],"continuity":"interval","end":{"precision":"year","value":"1870"},"endInclusive":true,"start":{"precision":"year","value":"1867"}}}],"aliases":["Pu Anchen","蒲安臣"],"appointmentIds":[],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/person-26c73fbedfcb188e9a766cc5-50655e9b7d/","countrySlug":null,"countrySlugs":["china"],"documentedRoles":[{"assertionId":"assert-65dae5a27e2a287f17ee05cf","associationBasis":"documented-participant","evidenceClass":"direct","note":"Represented Qing China in Washington and signed the additional treaty articles with Seward, Zhi Gang, and Sun Jiagu on 28 July 1868.","predicate":"participated_in","role":"negotiator and signatory","sourceIds":["a-qing-treaty","a-qing-credentials"],"targetId":"event-8eb389f49994f259f1370e02","targetType":"event","title":"China and the United States sign the Burlingame-Seward Treaty","url":"/research/history/china-burlingame-8eb389f499/","validTime":{"attestations":[{"precision":"day","value":"1868-07-28"}],"continuity":"attestation","end":null,"endInclusive":true,"start":null}}],"entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/person-26c73fbedfcb188e9a766cc5-50655e9b7d/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Anson Burlingame returned to Washington in 1868 as an envoy of Qing China after serving the United States in Beijing. With Zhi Gang and Sun Jiagu, he signed the additional treaty articles negotiated with Secretary of State William H. Seward on July 28.","A Massachusetts lawyer and congressman from 1855 to 1861, Burlingame entered diplomacy under Abraham Lincoln. He served as American minister to China from 1861 to 1867. In a December 1867 letter, he described accepting the Qing government’s offer to represent it abroad and recruiting foreign secretaries for the mission. Chinese officials accompanied him to handle correspondence and acquire diplomatic experience.","The Washington agreement recognized voluntary migration and provided reciprocal access to public education while expressly withholding automatic naturalization. It also reserved China’s decisions about railways and other internal improvements to its own government. Burlingame continued the mission in Europe and died in St. Petersburg in February 1870."],"id":"global:person-26c73fbedfcb188e9a766cc5","identifiers":{},"identityScope":"global","legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-50655e9b7d0f5afa0e6b.html","name":"Anson Burlingame","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["a-burlingame-house","a-qing-treaty","a-jacar-burlingame"],["a-burlingame-house","a-burlingame-acceptance","a-qing-credentials"],["a-qing-treaty","a-burlingame-house"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-50655e9b7d0f5afa0e6b.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-11-01","revision":"4ee88e0301e9a207","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-11-01","date":"","id":"a-burlingame-house","locator":"Biographical entry B001112; External Research Collections, Library of Congress","publisher":"U.S. House of Representatives","title":"Anson Burlingame, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress","type":"official-biography","url":"https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/B/BURLINGAME,-Anson-(B001112)/"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-01","date":"1867-12-14","id":"a-burlingame-acceptance","locator":"FRUS 1868, Part I, document 264, paragraphs 1–9","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Burlingame to Seward, 14 December 1867","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1868p1/d264"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-01","date":"1868-06-02","id":"a-qing-credentials","locator":"FRUS 1868, Part I, document 289, opening letter; imperial credentials; Prince Kung’s explanatory communication","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"The Chinese Embassy to Seward, with credentials and instructions, 2 June 1868","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1868p1/d289"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-01","date":"1868-07-28","id":"a-qing-treaty","locator":"Preamble; Articles V–VIII; concluding Washington date and signatures; source edition pp. 992–996","publisher":"GRIPS and University of Tokyo, The World and Japan Database","title":"Additional articles to the United States–Qing treaty, signed at Washington, 28 July 1868","type":"primary-record","url":"https://worldjpn.net/documents/texts/pw/18680728.T1E.html"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-01","date":"","id":"a-jacar-burlingame","locator":"Sections 幕末に欧米へ派遣された3つの使節団, paragraph on the 1860 ratification mission; and 清朝によるバーリンゲーム使節団派遣と西洋への眼差し, paragraphs on Zhi Gang’s leadership and published accounts","publisher":"Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, National Archives of Japan","title":"Japanese and Qing diplomatic missions before the Iwakura mission","type":"institutional-history","url":"https://www.jacar.go.jp/exhibition/iwakura/column/index.html"}],"topics":["Special diplomatic missions","United States–China relations"]},"schemaVersion":1}