{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["peru-67f766b8c43b64"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/manuel-freyre-y-santa-cruz-8328dc707f/","countrySlug":"peru","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/manuel-freyre-y-santa-cruz-8328dc707f/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Colonel Manuel Freyre y Santa Cruz held political office before leading Peru’s mission in Washington. As minister of government in 1863, he challenged Lima’s wholesale renaming of streets. He argued that the municipality could name new streets but could not freely rename existing ones, and that changes risked confusion in property transactions. His dispute with the municipality continued until his resignation in August, when Pedro Diez Canseco transferred the presidency to Juan Antonio Pezet.","In Washington, Freyre sought to prevent the departure of gunboats being built in New York for Spain. In December 1869, Hamilton Fish informed the federal prosecutor that correspondence with the Spanish and Peruvian representatives no longer justified treating the two countries as at war for the purpose of detaining those vessels.","He also requested American assistance for Peru’s mission to Japan and China. Instructions issued through Fish enabled American representatives to offer good offices to Aurelio García y García. Chinese officials initially refused negotiations because of reports of mistreatment of Chinese laborers in Peru. Freyre helped arrange diplomatic support from Washington, while García conducted the negotiations in Asia.","When fiscal difficulties again threatened the legation in 1877, Freyre offered to continue without salary if the government met office and postal expenses. He died on 9 June 1878. His son Manuel de Freyre y Santander, born during the Washington posting in 1872, later returned to the same capital as Peru’s ambassador."],"id":"peru:manuel freyre y santa cruz","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-8328dc707f5ae996b543.html","name":"Manuel Freyre y Santa Cruz","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["freyre-streets"],["freyre-gunboats"],["freyre-asia"],["freyre-last-mission","freyre-family"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-8328dc707f5ae996b543.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[{"certainty":"documented","name":"Manuel de Freyre y Santander","note":"The Pan American Union’s 1930 biography identifies the new ambassador as the son of the former minister in Washington.","profileUrl":"diplomat-7b8b3794d6619135de2e.html","sourceIds":["freyre-family"],"targetId":"peru:manuel de freyre y santander","type":"parent_of"}],"relationships":[{"certainty":"documented","note":"The Pan American Union’s 1930 biography identifies the new ambassador as the son of the former minister in Washington.","sourceIds":["freyre-family"],"targetId":"peru:manuel de freyre y santander","type":"parent_of"}],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"82cd6f5d3a66d49a","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"2024","id":"freyre-streets","locator":"pp. 213–217","publisher":"Cambridge University Press, Journal of Latin American Studies","title":"Gabriel Ramón, The Nation on the Corners: The Politics of Street-Naming in Lima during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century","type":"scholarship","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/80303BF5406E48AF194F3022910F8FBC/S0022216X24000397a.pdf/nation_on_the_corners_the_politics_of_streetnaming_in_lima_during_the_second_half_of_the_nineteenth_century.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1869-12-08","id":"freyre-gunboats","locator":"1872, part II, volume I; correspondence concerning Spanish gunboats","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States","title":"Mr. Fish to Mr. Pierrepont, district attorney","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1872p2v1/d312"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1873-07-19","id":"freyre-asia","locator":"1874, no. 132, pp. 198–202","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States","title":"Mr. Low to Mr. Fish, with Peru–China correspondence","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1874/d134"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"2023","id":"freyre-last-mission","locator":"pp. 157–158, especially note 58","publisher":"Universidad del Atlántico, Historia Caribe XVIII(42)","title":"Julio César Abanto Chani, Armas, alianzas y fondos para la guerra","type":"scholarship","url":"https://www.redalyc.org/journal/937/93775630006/93775630006.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1930-09","id":"freyre-family","locator":"pp. 898–900","publisher":"Pan American Union","title":"The New Ambassador of Peru, Dr. Manuel de Freyre y Santander","type":"official-biography","url":"https://archive.org/download/sim_bulletin-of-the-pan-american-union_1930-09_64_9/sim_bulletin-of-the-pan-american-union_1930-09_64_9_djvu.txt"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-e453caecf11d784abe12","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Manuel Freyre y Santa Cruz — mission record (1869–1878 (with an interruption))","type":"Mission record","url":"https://ojs.fhce.edu.uy/index.php/claves/article/download/2212/3377/9353"}],"topics":["municipal government","neutrality","Peru–China relations"]},"schemaVersion":1}