{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["indonesia-d2719c8f5d052f"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":["palar-anri"],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/lambertus-nicodemus-palar-6c530189ae/","countrySlug":"indonesia","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/lambertus-nicodemus-palar-6c530189ae/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Lambertus Nicodemus Palar was born in Rurukan, Minahasa, in 1900. He moved to the Netherlands in 1928 and entered the Dutch Social Democratic Workers’ Party. His work connected the labor movement with Indonesian affairs: he served its colonial commission, worked for the trade union federation, and edited the Persindo information service. After the Second World War he sat in the Dutch parliament. In July 1947 he opposed Dutch military action against the Indonesian Republic, broke with the Labour Party, and resigned his seat.","Palar then represented the Republic internationally. He joined its delegation at the United Nations and became its head, working with younger representatives including Soedjatmoko and Sumitro Djojohadikusumo. In 1950 he led a mission to Moscow concerning Soviet support for Indonesia’s admission to the UN. After membership was achieved that September, he became the country’s first permanent representative. Later assignments took him to India, West Germany, and Canada before a second term at the UN.","His Washington ambassadorship began amid deteriorating relations between Indonesia and the United States. On 10 September 1965, Secretary of State Dean Rusk summoned him over harassment of American diplomatic premises and personnel. Palar acknowledged the embarrassment caused by the incidents and promised to transmit the protest to Jakarta. He explained that Sukarno treated demonstrations as expressions of popular opinion, but offered no adequate justification for the reported failures of protection.","He remained involved as Indonesia’s foreign policy changed. In September 1966 he joined Adam Malik’s talks with Rusk on Indonesia’s return to the UN and urgent requirements for food, clothing, aid, and debt relief. A presidential decree that November appointed Suwito Kusumowidagdo to succeed him and directed Palar’s return to Jakarta.","In retirement Palar spent ten months at the East–West Center and lectured in the United States. Back in Indonesia, he remained involved in development discussion and the Indonesian United Nations association. He died in Jakarta on 13 February 1981. Indonesia designated him a National Hero in November 2013."],"id":"indonesia:lambertus nicodemus palar","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-6c530189aec9bbb24099.html","name":"Lambertus Nicodemus Palar","notes":[{"sourceIds":["palar-economy","mission-78d157413df555e73547","mission-9382100c69edad285878"],"text":"The embassy roster ends Palar’s term on 6 April 1966. U.S. diplomatic records identify him as ambassador in September and date his departure to November."}],"paragraphSources":[["palar-parlement"],["palar-anri"],["palar-security"],["palar-economy","palar-recall"],["palar-anri","palar-parlement","palar-hero"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-6c530189aec9bbb24099.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[{"certainty":"documented","name":"Soedjatmoko","note":"Worked together in the Republic’s early UN representation.","profileUrl":"diplomat-8956dfa0b20efc27a1da.html","sourceIds":["palar-anri","palar-hero"],"targetId":"indonesia:soedjatmoko","type":"collaborator"},{"certainty":"documented","name":"Sumitro Djojohadikusumo","note":"Sumitro served in the UN delegation headed by Palar.","profileUrl":"diplomat-e844de9817c8e5421adb.html","sourceIds":["palar-anri","palar-hero"],"targetId":"indonesia:sumitro djojohadikusumo","type":"collaborator"}],"relationships":[{"certainty":"documented","note":"Worked together in the Republic’s early UN representation.","sourceIds":["palar-anri","palar-hero"],"targetId":"indonesia:soedjatmoko","type":"collaborator"},{"certainty":"documented","note":"Sumitro served in the UN delegation headed by Palar.","sourceIds":["palar-anri","palar-hero"],"targetId":"indonesia:sumitro djojohadikusumo","type":"collaborator"}],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"6d364fe766ff4f6f","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":null,"id":"palar-parlement","locator":"Biography, positions, party history, and life dates","publisher":"Montesquieu Instituut / Parlement.com","title":"L.N. (Nico) Palar","type":"scholarship","url":"https://parlement.mi01.montesquieu-instituut.nl/biografie/ln-nico-palar"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1995","id":"palar-anri","locator":"Sutopo, biographical introduction, pp. iv–ix","publisher":"Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia","title":"Inventaris Arsip Tekstual Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, 1928–1981","type":"archive","url":"https://www.anri.go.id/download/inventaris-arsip-tekstual-lambertus-nicodemus-palar-19281981-1630546279"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1965-09-10","id":"palar-security","locator":"FRUS 1964–1968, vol. XXVI, document 140","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"Memorandum of Conversation: U.S.–Indonesian Relations","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d140"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1966-09-27","id":"palar-economy","locator":"FRUS 1964–1968, vol. XXVI, document 223","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"Memorandum of Conversation: Rusk and Adam Malik","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/d223"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1966-11-24","id":"palar-recall","locator":"Full decree transcription, First and Second decisions","publisher":"President of the Republic of Indonesia / Klaussa transcription","title":"Keppres No. 248 Tahun 1966","type":"primary-record","url":"https://www.klaussa.com/peraturan/keppres-no-248-tahun-1966-pengangkatan-saudara-suwito-kusumowidagdo-pegawai-utama-madya-departemen-luar"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":null,"id":"palar-hero","locator":"National Hero decree entry and independence delegation","publisher":"Ikatan Keluarga Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia","title":"Lambertus Nicodemus Palar","type":"institutional-history","url":"https://ikpni.or.id/pahlawan/lambertus-nicodemus-palar/"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Undated; accessed 2026-10-23","id":"mission-78d157413df555e73547","locator":"Official embassy roster. Individual entries and date ranges retrieved from indexed primary-page excerpts; the page body did not render. These are embassy-listed service dates, not uniformly proven dates of presentation of credentials.","publisher":"","title":"Embassy of Indonesia: List of Indonesian Ambassadors to the U.S.","type":"Mission record","url":"https://kemlu.go.id/en/washington/tentang-perwakilan/list-of-indonesian-ambassadors-to-the-us"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Historical documentary edition","id":"mission-9382100c69edad285878","locator":"Identifies Palar as ambassador to the United States until November 1966. This conflicts with the official embassy roster’s 6 April 1966 endpoint; preserve only 1966 as the display end year.","publisher":"","title":"FRUS 1964–1968, Volume XXVI: Persons","type":"Mission record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v26/persons"}],"topics":["Indonesian independence","Dutch parliament","United Nations membership","diplomatic protection","development assistance"]},"schemaVersion":1}