{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["italy-fe2dc520fad144","italy-0538411f9821fb"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/giuseppe-bertinatti-0faa48387a/","countrySlug":"italy","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/giuseppe-bertinatti-0faa48387a/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Giuseppe Bertinatti, born near Ivrea in 1808, first pursued theology and law. Expelled from the seminary after a theological dispute, he became a close associate of Vincenzo Gioberti and spent years in Paris and Brussels, editing and translating philosophical writing. Gioberti’s rise to office opened a diplomatic career for him in 1849. He subsequently handled relations with the Holy See before taking up Sardinia’s American mission in 1855.","Bertinatti represented the transition from the Kingdom of Sardinia to a united Italy in Washington. The United States recognized the new kingdom when it accepted his credentials on April 11, 1861. He persuaded Secretary of State William H. Seward to replace an initially cool acknowledgment with a warmer message of recognition.","During the American Civil War, Bertinatti favored the Union and regarded slavery as an obstacle to economic and political development. He also served as an arbitrator in a dispute between Costa Rica and the United States. After Lincoln’s assassination, Foreign Minister Alfonso La Marmora instructed him to convey the Italian Parliament’s condolences and the government’s sympathy to Congress and the President.","After leaving America, Bertinatti represented Italy in Constantinople, where he worked on Italian schools, and undertook an unsuccessful mission to improve relations with the papal court. He became minister at The Hague in 1870 and died there in August 1881."],"id":"italy:giuseppe bertinatti","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-0faa48387a4404aff3c0.html","name":"Giuseppe Bertinatti","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["bertinatti-dbi"],["bertinatti-recognition","bertinatti-dbi"],["bertinatti-dbi","bertinatti-lincoln"],["bertinatti-dbi"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-0faa48387a4404aff3c0.html","relatedEvents":[{"basis":"named-in-story","country":"Italy","date":"1861-04-11","description":"Washington accepts the credentials of Giuseppe Bertinatti as minister of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy, continuing diplomatic ties under a new national identity.","id":"italy-recognition","note":"Named people and the recorded mission tenure provide the connection; overlap does not establish personal participation.","sourceUrls":["https://history.state.gov/countries/italy"],"title":"A united Italy is recognized","url":"Italy.html#history-italy-recognition"}],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"695f9cae96063a39","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"bertinatti-dbi","locator":"Complete biography","publisher":"Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 9 (1967)","title":"Arianna Scolari Sellerio Jesurum, Bertinatti, Giuseppe","type":"scholarship","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giuseppe-bertinatti_(Dizionario-Biografico)/"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"bertinatti-recognition","locator":"Recognition and establishment of diplomatic relations, 1861","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian","title":"A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations: Italy","type":"institutional-history","url":"https://history.state.gov/countries/italy"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"bertinatti-lincoln","locator":"FRUS 1865, part IV, document 702","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States","title":"Mr. Marmora to Mr. Bertinatti, April 28, 1865","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1865p4/d702"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-7fc24eb1e3731ae8a3ae","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Previous Italian ambassadors","type":"Mission record","url":"https://ambwashingtondc.esteri.it/en/chi-siamo/lambasciatore/ambasciatori-precedenti/"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Accessed 26 October 2026","id":"mission-aac9724cf9a1cd7fdcd9","locator":"Printed pp. 53–55 list chiefs and acting heads. Appointment boundaries are not uniform arrival or credential dates.","publisher":"","title":"Italian MFA historical archive: Washington mission, 1848–1901","type":"Mission record","url":"https://www.esteri.it/mae/Servizi/ArchivioStorico/11Washington.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Accessed 26 October 2026","id":"mission-67e5252c04637df36483","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Historical representation: Kingdom of Italy","type":"Mission record","url":"https://www.quirinale.it/it/pagine/italian-tricolour-flag"}],"topics":["Italian unification","American Civil War","international arbitration"]},"schemaVersion":1}