{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["united-kingdom-156164331f6767","united-kingdom-486287d160357b"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":["src-3283d4c6eac8d6be"],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/arthur-stewart-raikes-144c46f868/","countrySlug":"united-kingdom","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/arthur-stewart-raikes-144c46f868/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Arthur Stewart Raikes was a career diplomat whose service extended from European capitals to South America and Washington. Born in 1856, he was educated at Winchester and Trinity College, Cambridge, and entered diplomatic work as an attaché at Athens in 1880. Later appointments included Copenhagen, Buenos Aires, Berlin, Rome, and Rio de Janeiro. He became secretary of the Brussels legation in December 1898, before his transfer to Washington.","As chargé d’affaires in Washington, Raikes signed the convention of 31 May 1902 with Secretary of State John Hay concerning import duties in the portion of the Sultan of Zanzibar’s dominions under British protection covered by the agreement. The United States withdrew its objection to those duties, subject to limits on the tariff and guarantees against discriminatory treatment of American trade. The agreement was ratified in October.","He also assisted negotiations affecting other parts of the British Empire. In September 1902, he informed Alvey Adee that Foreign Secretary Lansdowne had instructed him to help Newfoundland premier Robert Bond pursue a reciprocity agreement in Washington. The following year, on 21 November, Raikes and Postmaster General Henry Payne signed a convention establishing a parcel post service between Hong Kong and the United States. It specified admissible goods, parcel limits, and administrative arrangements, with operations to begin on 1 January 1904.","Raikes subsequently became Britain’s minister in Chile. A contemporary report in the Chilian Times describes his presentation at the Moneda in the week before 8 April 1905: he delivered the letters announcing Gerard Lowther’s departure and his own appointment. He retired in 1907 and died in March 1925."],"id":"united-kingdom:arthur stewart raikes","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-144c46f86849b9decb25.html","name":"Arthur Stewart Raikes","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["src-8924e3797623d93b","src-6358400a75a3c251"],["src-f2823c0f26cb0af5"],["src-3283d4c6eac8d6be","src-d840af90258a2e46"],["src-ada2a3faf562a5c0","src-8924e3797623d93b"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-144c46f86849b9decb25.html","relatedEvents":[],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"01ab9044e8a53e59","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":null,"id":"src-8924e3797623d93b","locator":"Entry Arthur Stewart Raikes, M.A.; education and diplomatic chronology","publisher":"Genealogy Avendaño","title":"Wrangham family genealogy: Arthur Stewart Raikes","type":"reference","url":"https://genealogy.avendano.org/wrangham.php/sennett.php"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1899-01-06","id":"src-6358400a75a3c251","locator":"Issue 27040, page 83: Arthur Stewart Raikes appointed secretary at Brussels","publisher":"The London Gazette","title":"Foreign Office appointments of 19 December 1898","type":"primary-record","url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27040/page/83/data.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1902-05-31","id":"src-f2823c0f26cb0af5","locator":"FRUS 1902, document 572; Articles I–III and signatures","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian","title":"Convention concerning import duties in the British-protected dominions of the Sultan of Zanzibar","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1902/d572"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1902-09-30","id":"src-3283d4c6eac8d6be","locator":"Item o39089; archival description of two-page letter","publisher":"Theodore Roosevelt Center / Library of Congress Manuscript Division","title":"Letter from Arthur Stewart Raikes to Alvey A. Adee","type":"archive","url":"https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/digital-library/o39089/"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1903-11-21","id":"src-d840af90258a2e46","locator":"Treaty Series No. 1 (1904), preamble, Articles II and XIV, signatures","publisher":"British Treaty Series / Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","title":"Convention establishing a parcel-post service between the United States and Hong Kong","type":"primary-record","url":"https://treaties.fcdo.gov.uk/data/Library2/pdf/1904-TS0001.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"1905-04-08","id":"src-ada2a3faf562a5c0","locator":"Page 5, Santiago Notes: Raikes’s arrival and presentation speech","publisher":"The Chilian Times / Biblioteca Nacional de Chile","title":"Official Reception of the British Minister","type":"contemporary-report","url":"https://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/colecciones/BND/00/PE/PE0001107_0014.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-b4d295947e472d10913c","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Arthur Stewart Raikes — mission record (1903)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/94544.htm"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-4d18ec2dee83076d4487","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Arthur Stewart Raikes — mission record (1902)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://www.archives.gov/files/research/microfilm/m30.pdf"}],"topics":["Zanzibar import duties","Newfoundland reciprocity negotiations","Hong Kong parcel post","Chile","Acting chiefs of mission"]},"schemaVersion":1}