{"record":{"aliases":[],"appointmentIds":["russia-83f82c2aacd723"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":["gromyko-ford"],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/andrei-gromyko-c396d70302/","countrySlug":"russia","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/andrei-gromyko-c396d70302/#person","eventIds":[],"expandedParagraphs":["Andrei Gromyko entered diplomacy from economics. Born near Gomel in 1909, he studied agriculture and economics, earned a candidate degree in 1936, and worked at Moscow’s Institute of Economics. In 1939 he joined the Foreign Commissariat and was sent to Washington as embassy counselor. Four years later, he succeeded Maxim Litvinov as ambassador.","At the 1944 Dumbarton Oaks talks, Gromyko helped negotiate the organization that would become the United Nations while defending Moscow’s demands over its structure. He proposed separate founding membership for all sixteen Soviet republics, provoking American and British objections. On Security Council voting, he insisted that a major power must retain its vote even when it was a party to a dispute.","His embassy also handled the human consequences of the war. In April 1945, he pressed the United States to transfer all liberated Soviet citizens to Soviet authorities for repatriation, including people found wearing German uniforms. He argued that Germany had coerced Soviet prisoners and deported civilians into its formations and invoked the agreement reached at Yalta. The demand was categorical; it did not distinguish between those who wished to return and those who did not.","Gromyko subsequently represented the Soviet Union at the United Nations, served as first deputy foreign minister, and spent a brief period as ambassador in London. As foreign minister from 1957 to 1985, he became a central participant in Soviet diplomacy across successive leaderships. His work included the 1963 negotiations for a limited nuclear test ban agreement and the high level Soviet-American exchanges of the détente years.","In 1985 he left the Foreign Ministry for the chairmanship of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the country's formal position as head of state. He resigned from that office and the Politburo in 1988 and died in Moscow in 1989."],"id":"russia:andrei gromyko","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-c396d703020d0f243d98.html","name":"Andrei Gromyko","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["gromyko-ford"],["gromyko-dumbarton-members","gromyko-dumbarton-vote"],["gromyko-repatriation"],["gromyko-ford","gromyko-archontology"],["gromyko-archontology"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-c396d703020d0f243d98.html","relatedEvents":[{"basis":"tenure-overlap","country":"Russia","date":"1945-04-25","description":"American and Soviet soldiers make contact along the Elbe as their armies advance into Germany. The meeting at Torgau becomes a lasting image of their wartime alliance.","id":"russia-elbe","note":"Named people and the recorded mission tenure provide the connection; overlap does not establish personal participation.","sourceUrls":["https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1942-1945/soviet-and-us-troops-meet-at-torgau"],"title":"American and Soviet troops meet","url":"Russia.html#history-russia-elbe"}],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-10-28","revision":"f59d358e4982ce2b","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"gromyko-ford","locator":"31 May 1974, biography pp. 2–4; Presidential Country Files for Europe and Canada, USSR (2)","publisher":"Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library","title":"Andrey Andreyevich Gromyko: biographical briefing","type":"archive","url":"https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vladivostok/gromyko.pdf"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"gromyko-dumbarton-members","locator":"FRUS 1944, I, document 433; 29 August 1944","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian","title":"Stettinius memorandum on Soviet republics at Dumbarton Oaks","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1944v01/d433"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"gromyko-dumbarton-vote","locator":"FRUS 1944, I, document 473; 18 September 1944","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian","title":"Stettinius progress report on Dumbarton Oaks","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1944v01/d473"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"gromyko-repatriation","locator":"FRUS 1945, V, document 843; 10 April 1945","publisher":"U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian","title":"Gromyko to the Secretary of State on liberated Soviet citizens","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v05/d843"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-28","date":"","id":"gromyko-archontology","locator":"Office chronology and biography citing V. I. Ivkin’s 1999 historical-biographical reference","publisher":"Archontology","title":"Andrej Andreevich Gromyko","type":"reference","url":"https://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state2/gromyko.php"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-c52d8af0147c74c5ed5c","locator":"Official biography records his service as ambassador to the United States from 1994 to 1998.","publisher":"","title":"Permanent Mission of Russia to the UN: Yuli Vorontsov","type":"Mission record","url":"https://russiaun.ru/en/permanent_mission/istorija"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"2026-10-23","id":"mission-8f6fa2a0dec7248a7d09","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"State Department, Office of the Chief of Protocol — Russia (2007 archive)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/cpr/94409.htm"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Accessed 27 October 2026","id":"mission-cdf3928c145eb0e81d72","locator":"Identifies Andrei Gromyko as head of the Soviet delegation.","publisher":"","title":"United Nations terminology record — Dumbarton Oaks Conference","type":"Mission record","url":"https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/ru/view/UNHQ/230563E543B975FB85256B370057B853"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"Accessed 27 October 2026","id":"mission-a7869ad24e171ba0c922","locator":"United Nations archival caption identifies Gromyko, then ambassador to the United States, signing for the USSR.","publisher":"","title":"UN Photo — Andrei Gromyko signing the Charter, 26 June 1945","type":"Mission record","url":"https://media.un.org/photo/en/asset/oun7/oun7755675"}],"topics":["United Nations","Dumbarton Oaks","Second World War","repatriation","nuclear test ban","détente"]},"schemaVersion":1}