{"record":{"aliases":["Ali Jawdat","Ali Jawdat Al-Aiyubi"],"appointmentIds":["iraq-52c8060aca23b6","iraq-2386253c8cb6cd"],"appointmentsDataset":"https://chanceries.org/diplomats.json","archivalSources":[],"canonicalUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/ali-jawdat-al-ayyubi-822015f29a/","countrySlug":"iraq","entityId":"https://chanceries.org/diplopedia/people/ali-jawdat-al-ayyubi-822015f29a/#person","eventIds":["iraq-relations"],"expandedParagraphs":["Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi opened Iraq’s Washington legation in 1942 and presented his ministerial credentials on 4 May. His appointment followed a career in the Ottoman military, the Arab movement associated with Faisal, provincial government, and cabinet office. He would serve three terms as prime minister under the Iraqi monarchy.","In January 1943, Jawdat became the channel through which Iraq joined the wartime United Nations coalition. Baghdad authorized him to adhere to the Declaration by United Nations as Iraq declared war on Germany, Italy, and Japan. Washington first notified the Chinese and Soviet governments and asked that the proposed adherence remain confidential. An exchange of notes between Jawdat and Secretary of State Cordell Hull on 16 and 22 January completed the diplomatic process; President Franklin Roosevelt subsequently welcomed Iraq’s formal alignment with the coalition.","Jawdat also confronted the political reach of American support for Zionism. On 25 August 1943, he consulted State Department officials about a statement he was considering issuing against resolutions adopted by eight state legislatures in favor of unrestricted Jewish refugee immigration into Palestine. Wallace Murray warned that a public response could draw him into bitter controversy and invite charges of interference in American domestic affairs. Murray pointed instead to the possibility of a formal approach through the secretary of state.","When the Iraqi legation became an embassy in 1947, Jawdat presented ambassadorial credentials on 11 April. He subsequently returned to senior office in Baghdad and attended John Foster Dulles’s May 1953 discussions with Iraqi leaders as deputy prime minister. He visited Washington again as a senator with Crown Prince Abdul Ilah’s delegation in February 1957. That June, King Faisal II selected him to succeed Nuri Said as prime minister, and his new cabinet took office on 20 June."],"id":"iraq:ali-jawdat-al-ayyubi","identifiers":{},"legacyPersonIds":[],"legacyUrl":"https://chanceries.org/diplomat-822015f29a52466fe3ca.html","name":"Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi","notes":[],"paragraphSources":[["protocol","jawdat"],["ge-iraq-war-authority","ge-iraq-war-secrecy","ge-iraq-war-acceptance"],["ge-jawdat-palestine"],["protocol","jawdat1953","ge-jawdat-visit","ge-jawdat-cabinet"]],"profileUrl":"diplomat-822015f29a52466fe3ca.html","relatedEvents":[{"basis":"documented-participant","country":"Iraq","date":"1931-03-30","description":"The United States establishes a legation in Baghdad. Iraq later opens its own resident mission in Washington, giving both governments direct diplomatic representation.","id":"iraq-relations","note":"Connection follows the named, sourced activity in the story; illustrations do not claim portrait likenesses.","sourceUrls":["https://history.state.gov/countries/iraq","https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1931v02/d529","https://afsa.org/sites/default/files/fsj-1931-09-september_0.pdf","https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/94047.htm"],"title":"Diplomatic relations begin","url":"Iraq.html#history-iraq-relations"}],"relatedPeople":[],"relationships":[],"researchStatus":"reviewed","reviewedOn":"2026-11-02","revision":"591d580f6361a006","sources":[{"accessedOn":"2026-10-29","date":null,"id":"jawdat","locator":"","publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi","type":"reference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Jawdat_Al-Ayyubi"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-29","date":null,"id":"protocol","locator":"Office of the Chief of Protocol, 31 May 2013; 1942–2013 entries","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"Diplomatic Representation for Iraq: chronological listing","type":"primary-record","url":"https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/94047.htm"},{"accessedOn":"2026-10-29","date":null,"id":"jawdat1953","locator":"Iraqi participants include Deputy Prime Minister Ali Jawdat and ambassador-designate Musa Shahbander","publisher":"U.S. Department of State","title":"Dulles meets Iraqi leaders, May 1953","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v09p1/d32"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":"1943-01-13","id":"ge-iraq-war-authority","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"published_translation","scope":"Wilson’s published English telegram, including an Arabic authorization note rendered in English. Wilson says the wording approaches the Iraqi foreign minister’s own English translation as read to him; original Arabic note not inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1943, vol. IV, document 683, pp. 636–637; 740.0011 EW1939/27193; final Arabic note as approximately translated into English by the Iraqi foreign minister and reported by Wilson; footnote 3 identifies Ali Jawdat","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Wilson to the Secretary of State, Iraq’s declaration of war and authority to adhere","translation":{"language":"en","originalLanguage":"ar"},"type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v04/d683"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":"1943-01-15","id":"ge-iraq-war-secrecy","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"published_transcription","scope":"Cited passage of the published English diplomatic transcription and relevant editorial notes. Original archival document not separately inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1943, vol. IV, document 684; 740.0011 EW 1939/27193; telegram 16","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Hull to Wilson, notification of Iraq’s proposed adherence","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v04/d684"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":"1943-02-02","id":"ge-iraq-war-acceptance","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"published_transcription","scope":"Cited passage of the published English diplomatic transcription and relevant editorial notes. Original archival document not separately inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1943, vol. IV, document 687; 740.0011 EW 1939/27194; telegram 34 and footnote identifying the 16 and 22 January exchange","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Hull to Wilson, Roosevelt’s acknowledgment of Iraqi adherence","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v04/d687"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":"1943-08-25","id":"ge-jawdat-palestine","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"published_transcription","scope":"Cited passage of the published English diplomatic transcription and relevant editorial notes. Original archival document not separately inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1943, vol. IV, document 843, pp. 805–806; 867N.01/1980","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Merriam memorandum, Ali Jawdat and state-legislature Palestine resolutions","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1943v04/d843"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":"1957-02-05","id":"ge-jawdat-visit","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"published_transcription","scope":"Cited passage of the published English diplomatic transcription and relevant editorial notes. Original archival document not separately inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1955–1957, vol. XII, document 445, participant list; Central Files 787.11/2–557","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Memorandum on Crown Prince Abdul Ilah’s Washington visit","type":"primary-record","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v12/d445"},{"accessedOn":"2026-11-02","date":null,"id":"ge-jawdat-cabinet","inspection":{"inspectedOn":"2026-11-02","language":"en","representation":"secondary_account","scope":"Published FRUS editorial account inspected. Original manuscript, agreement, or telephone record cited by the editors not separately inspected.","status":"document_inspected"},"locator":"FRUS 1955–1957, vol. XII, document 459, opening paragraph","publisher":"Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State","title":"Editorial note on Ali Jawdat’s 1957 cabinet","type":"official-historical-account","url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1955-57v12/d459"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-1f6a06f3edf98de4c955","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi — mission record (1942–1947)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg"},{"accessedOn":"","date":"","id":"mission-043c7db9baf9f7d88416","locator":"","publisher":"","title":"Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi — mission record (1942–1947)","type":"Mission record","url":"https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/iq_evol.html"}],"topics":["Iraqi diplomacy"]},"schemaVersion":1}